The present study aims to identify and prioritize the key drivers influencing the future of sustainable allocation of banking resources in Iran. This is applied research utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research population consisted of experts in the banking industry with knowledge in sustainable banking and resource allocation, selected through purposive sampling. In the first phase, 24 potential drivers were identified through a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts. Subsequently, using the fuzzy Delphi method and expert questionnaires, eight key drivers with acceptable defuzzified values were selected. These drivers were then evaluated and prioritized using the CoCoSo method based on four criteria: expert knowledge, importance severity, certainty level, and controllability. The weights of the criteria were determined via the fuzzy best-worst method, where the certainty criterion received the highest weight. The findings indicate that drivers such as banks’ social responsibility, financial transparency, and the advancement of fintechs in the country hold the highest priority. These results provide practical insights for policymakers and banking leaders seeking to align resource allocation strategies with sustainable development goals.