How should the exhaustible resources in a society be distributed between current and future generations? This question is a very relevant one for a country like Iran and the answer to it provides a rule for policy making in the area of natural resource management. This paper tries to answer this question that what is the optimal level for extraction and usage of the exhaustible resources according to the Islamic economic justice criteria? The research, first of all, provides a comparison between the Islamic economic justice criteria and that of modem (mainstream) economics. This part tries to show that there is a fundamental disagreement between Islam and capitalism. Then, a model for determining the optimal level of extraction and usage of the exhaustible resources is provided using the Islamic economic justice criteria.