This article examines the concepts and theories of justice from philosophical, historical, and social perspectives. Economic justice, being a multifaceted and dynamic concept, requires careful and comprehensive analysis. From the theorists Plato and Aristotle to Kant and Rawls, each has presented their unique views on justice, emphasizing concepts such as balance, steadfastness, equality, and merit. The concept of distributive justice is defined as the fair distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals in society, with Walzer's emphasis on the independence of social spheres reflecting its complexity.
A historical review of the evolution and developments in economic justice theories shows that this concept has always been influenced by cultural, social, and historical contexts. From the ancient theories of Plato and Aristotle, which emphasized balance and harmony, to the modern theories of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, which focused on natural rights and the social contract, the concepts of economic justice have gradually evolved. In the modern era, theories of distributive and economic justice have been developed by philosophers like Rawls and Nozick, who emphasized merit, individual rights, and fairness.
This research demonstrates that economic justice is not only a theoretical concept but also a practical principle in social life that must adapt to social and cultural changes. Some theorists, such as the Keynesians, believe that economic justice requires government intervention to mitigate economic inequalities, arguing that appropriate policies can ensure the fair distribution of resources. On the other hand, critics like Friedrich Hayek argue that efforts to impose economic justice through government policies lead to restrictions on individual freedoms and economic inefficiency.
This paper shows that economic justice, as a dynamic and multi-layered concept, must be examined from various philosophical, historical, social, and religious angles. Justice has always been influenced by cultural and historical contexts and must be adapted to different conditions and viewpoints. Economic justice focuses on the fair distribution of resources and the reduction of inequalities, requiring attention to both individual and social rights. Efforts to impose economic justice through government policies should not result in economic inefficiency. |
