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Comparative Analysis of Energy, Economic, and Environmental Efficiency in Selected Developed Countries
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Mohammad Touni   , Bahram Fathi *1 , Majid Anisi , Mohammad Khorsand Zak |
| 1- , Bahram.fathi@iau.ac.ir |
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Abstract: (8 Views) |
This study conducts a comparative assessment of energy, economic, and environmental efficiency across 35 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the period 2017–2020. Employing a hybrid model integrating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Nash Bargaining Game (NBG), the study evaluates the tridimensional efficiency of countries in the nexus of economy, energy, and environment. Input variables include capital stock, labor force, and energy consumption, while output variables comprise Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and CO₂ emissions, all sourced from global databases (World Development Indicators – WDI and International Energy Agency – IEA).
The tridimensional efficiency analysis (energy, economic, and environmental) for the 35 OECD countries during 2017–2020, based on the DEA-NBG hybrid model, reveals that Iceland, Switzerland, and the United States exhibit the highest energy efficiency scores, approaching 1 (the maximum attainable value), indicating optimized industrial and transportation infrastructures. In contrast, Estonia (0.35) and Poland (0.37) rank lowest in this index, primarily due to their heavy reliance on fossil fuels and inefficient energy systems. Economically, the United States (≈0.999) demonstrates near-optimal performance, attributable to macroeconomic stability and high competitiveness, while Switzerland (0.93) also occupies a prominent position. Conversely, Chile (0.46) and Estonia (0.32) rank lower, largely due to structural challenges such as dependence on raw material exports. In terms of environmental efficiency, Iceland (0.348) emerges as the leader, leveraging its abundant renewable energy resources (geothermal and hydroelectric power). However, the United States (0.0004) and Australia (0.0014) record the weakest environmental efficiency scores, owing to carbon-intensive heavy industries and high per capita emissions.
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Article number: 22 |
| Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Economic Efficiency, Environmental Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Nash Bargaining Game (NBG), Sustainable Development, OECD Countries |
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Full-Text [PDF 724 kb]
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Article type: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/09/10 | Accepted: 2025/10/14 | Published: 2026/08/1
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