1- Law Department, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran, , Somayeh.ghasemihamed@iau.ir
2- Department of Public Law and Economic Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran |
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts, with the integration of design, procurement, and implementation processes, are key tools for developing Iran’s infrastructure in the oil and gas, transportation, renewable energy, telecommunications, and dam sectors. With the aim of optimizing the efficiency of these contracts, this study analyzes the impact of government orientations (maximal, minimal, balanced), efficiency measures (specific, productive, dynamic), long-term impacts (economic, social, environmental), and implementation challenges within the framework of public economic law. With a qualitative approach and analysis of secondary data from Iranian projects (South Pars, Chabahar Port, Tehran-North Freeway, Shiraz Combined Cycle Power Plant, Tehran-Mashhad Railway, Manjil Wind Farm, 5G Telecom Network, Yazd Solar Power Plants, Karkheh Dam) and comparative comparison with the United Kingdom (HS2), Malaysia (Penang Bridge), China (Gwadar Port), India (Delhi Metro), Saudi Arabia (Riyadh Metro), and the UAE (Noor Solar Power Plant), the findings show that the maximum government orientation improves quality by 20%, but increases delays by 6 months, while the minimum orientation accelerates the speed of implementation by 15%, but reduces insufficient quality monitoring by 10%. Chabahar Port improved efficiency by 20% by utilizing public-private partnership (PPP) and building information modeling (BIM). Long-term impacts include 1.2% GDP growth, reduced regional inequality in some regions (such as Chabahar), and environmental threats (South Pars and Karkheh Dam).
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