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Identifying Patterns, Challenges, and Opportunities in Iraqi Economic Cooperatives
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Bashar sami Kazem alzarb1   , Hossein Rahimi klur *2 , Mohamad Bashokuh3 , Ghasem Zarei4 |
1- Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran , h_clever@uma.ac.ir
3- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4- Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. |
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Abstract: (17 Views) |
This study was conducted with a qualitative approach within the framework of the interpretivist paradigm and used the systematic data-based theory method of Strauss and Corbin (2008) to extract categories, components, and relationships between them. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 managers, consultants, and experts in Iraqi economic cooperatives. Sampling was purposeful and theoretical and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA software version 2022. To ensure the validity of the research, four criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) were used, including validity, transferability, reliability, and confirmability. The paradigmatic model of the research shows that the success of boundary expansion in Iraqi economic cooperatives requires an integrated and systemic approach in which internal coordination and mutual trust with external partners act as connecting links between causal conditions, contexts, intervention strategies, and outcomes. Intervention strategies including trust and relationships, training and skill development, joint process management, motivation and commitment, and leadership and change management play a synergistic facilitating role. By focusing on the unique context of Iraq, providing a local model, and using data-driven theory to explore phenomena in depth, this research contributes to the development of theoretical knowledge in the field of cooperative management and boundary expansion and can be a practical guide for managers, policymakers, and researchers in Iraq and similar countries.
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| Keywords: boundary expansion, Iraqi economic cooperatives, internal coordination, mutual trust, knowledge management, intervention strategies, innovation and sustainability, data-driven theory. |
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Full-Text [PDF 697 kb]
(9 Downloads)
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Article type: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2026/04/13 | Accepted: 2026/07/21 | Published: 2027/08/14
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